[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.326.cz\/prazvlastni-zvirata-na-planete-ii\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.326.cz\/prazvlastni-zvirata-na-planete-ii\/","headline":"Prazvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata na planet\u011b II","name":"Prazvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata na planet\u011b II","description":"Kosti\u017eerka (Osedax) \u2013 tento jen n\u011bkolik centimetr\u016f dlouh\u00fd \u0161t\u011btinat\u00fd \u010derv byl objeven teprve na po\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed, a to u b\u0159eh\u016f Kalifornie. A najdeme u n\u011bj hned t\u0159i zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti: za prv\u00e9 se \u017eiv\u00ed pouze tukem z\u00a0kost\u00ed velryb, a dal\u0161\u00edch uhynul\u00fdch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at za druh\u00e9 je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd zp\u016fsob, j\u00edm\u017e kosti\u017eerka p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 potravu \u2013 nem\u00e1 toti\u017e tr\u00e1vic\u00ed […]","datePublished":"2023-05-04","dateModified":"2024-01-04","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.326.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.326.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/614460c3109f6ef46730ae87c5e2be623f574940fabcec1214dc0d8d5af688cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/614460c3109f6ef46730ae87c5e2be623f574940fabcec1214dc0d8d5af688cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"326.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.326.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/art478942_4x3_20260928_123851_mXrJbA.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.326.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/art478942_4x3_20260928_123851_mXrJbA.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.326.cz\/prazvlastni-zvirata-na-planete-ii\/","about":["Zv\u00ed\u0159ata"],"wordCount":498,"articleBody":"\tKosti\u017eerka (Osedax) \u2013 tento jen n\u011bkolik centimetr\u016f dlouh\u00fd \u0161t\u011btinat\u00fd \u010derv byl objeven teprve na po\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed, a to u b\u0159eh\u016f Kalifornie. A najdeme u n\u011bj hned t\u0159i zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti: \t\t\tza prv\u00e9 se \u017eiv\u00ed pouze tukem z\u00a0kost\u00ed velryb, a dal\u0161\u00edch uhynul\u00fdch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at\t\tza druh\u00e9 je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd zp\u016fsob, j\u00edm\u017e kosti\u017eerka p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 potravu \u2013 nem\u00e1 toti\u017e tr\u00e1vic\u00ed trakt, ale jak\u00e1si vl\u00e1kna, je\u017e doslova vr\u016fstaj\u00ed do kost\u00ed ko\u0159isti, a tak saj\u00ed tuk; \u017eivo\u010dich pak n\u00e1sledn\u011b tuk tr\u00e1v\u00ed pomoc\u00ed bakteri\u00ed, kter\u00e9 s\u00a0n\u00edm \u017eij\u00ed v\u00a0symbi\u00f3ze\t\ttak\u00e9 rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed kosti\u017eerek je nanejv\u00fd\u0161 podivn\u00e9 \u2013 same\u010dci \u017eij\u00ed uvnit\u0159 v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch sami\u010dek a dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed jim spermie; to je jejich jedin\u00fd \u00fakol. Oplodn\u011bn\u00fdch vaj\u00ed\u010dek je spousta a z\u00a0nich se l\u00edhnou larvy, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed uchytit na kost\u0159e uhynul\u00e9 velryby. A proto\u017ee takov\u00fdch koster zase v\u00a0oce\u00e1nu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho nen\u00ed, velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st larev nep\u0159e\u017eije. A nyn\u00ed pozor \u2013 jestli\u017ee se larva uchyt\u00ed na velryb\u00ed kost\u0159e, vyroste z\u00a0n\u00ed sami\u010dka. Kdy\u017e se v\u0161ak na larva p\u0159ichyt\u00ed na dosp\u011blou sami\u010dku, stane se z\u00a0n\u00ed same\u010dek, kter\u00fd do sami\u010dky vroste a cel\u00fd cyklus se opakuje.\tAxolotl mexick\u00fd (Ambystoma mexicanum) \u2013 \u017eivo\u010dich, jeho\u017e \u010desky naz\u00fdv\u00e1me vodn\u00ed dr\u00e1\u010dek. Vyskytuje se ve dvou mexick\u00fdch jezerech, a to Lago de Xochimilco a Lago de Chalco. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti je tento oboj\u017eiveln\u00edk z\u00e1konem chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd, ov\u0161em byly doby, kdy byl axolotl konzumov\u00e1n a obchodov\u00e1n jako potravina. Axolotl mexick\u00fd je neotenick\u00fd druh, co\u017e v\u00a0podstat\u011b znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o larv\u00e1ln\u00ed stadium, ov\u0161em s\u00a0rozmno\u017eovac\u00ed schopnost\u00ed. Axolotl je asi 35 cm dlouh\u00fd, m\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i nohy a ocas. Jeho tk\u00e1n\u011b jsou schopny zna\u010dn\u00e9 regenerace. Je maso\u017erav\u00fd. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b m\u00e1 oboj\u017eiveln\u00edk tmav\u0161\u00ed barvu, ov\u0161em v\u00a0zajet\u00ed je b\u00edl\u00fd a\u017e nar\u016f\u017eov\u011bl\u00fd.\tRypo\u0161 lys\u00fd (Heterocephalus glaber) \u2013 tento africk\u00fd hlodavec o velikosti asi 10 cm by v\u00e1m asi nep\u0159ipadal jako roztomil\u00fd mazl\u00ed\u010dek. Tito tvorov\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed pod zem\u00ed, a jsou na tyto podm\u00ednky pln\u011b adaptov\u00e1ni. Sdru\u017euj\u00ed se v\u00a0takzvan\u00fdch podzemn\u00edch koloni\u00edch a rod\u00ed jen jedna samice, kr\u00e1lovna. Ostatn\u00ed funguj\u00ed jako d\u011bln\u00edci, tedy je to obdobn\u00e9 jako u hmyzu. T\u011blo rypo\u0161e je \u2013 jak ji\u017e n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1 \u2013 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 hol\u00e9, jen s\u00a0n\u011bkolika ojedin\u011bl\u00fdm chlupy. Barva k\u016f\u017ee je nar\u016f\u017eov\u011bl\u00e1 \u010di \u017elutav\u011b b\u00edl\u00e1. Na k\u016f\u017ei nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 receptory bolesti, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee bolest nec\u00edt\u00ed. Jeho zp\u016fsob termoregulace a pomal\u00fd metabolismus zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed, \u017ee se do\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00e9ho v\u011bku, cca 20 let. Na sv\u00fdch kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch no\u017ek\u00e1ch se rypo\u0161 pohybuje stejn\u011b tak rychle dop\u0159edu jako dozadu.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Prazvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata na planet\u011b II","item":"https:\/\/www.326.cz\/prazvlastni-zvirata-na-planete-ii\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]